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Horses

Nashville: 1864

Fortified railroad bridge across the Cumberland River at Nashville, 1864. "Continuing his policy of the offensive at any cost, Gen. John B. Hood brought his reduced army before the defenses of Nashville, where it was overthrown by Gen. George H. Thomas on December 15-16, in the most complete victory of the war. If the date borne on this photograph is correct, it was taken in the course of the battle." View full size. Wet collodion glass stereograph by George N. Barnard.

Fortified railroad bridge across the Cumberland River at Nashville, 1864. "Continuing his policy of the offensive at any cost, Gen. John B. Hood brought his reduced army before the defenses of Nashville, where it was overthrown by Gen. George H. Thomas on December 15-16, in the most complete victory of the war. If the date borne on this photograph is correct, it was taken in the course of the battle." View full size. Wet collodion glass stereograph by George N. Barnard.

 

Antietam: 1862

Allan Pinkerton ("E.J. Allen") of the Secret Service on horseback. Antietam, Maryland, main eastern theater of the war, September-October 1862. Glass negative (wet collodion). View full size. Photograph by Alexander Gardner.

Allan Pinkerton ("E.J. Allen") of the Secret Service on horseback. Antietam, Maryland, main eastern theater of the war, September-October 1862. Glass negative (wet collodion). View full size. Photograph by Alexander Gardner.

 

Deadwood: 1888

Deadwood, South Dakota, from Mrs. Livingston's Hill. View full size or zoom in. Circa 1888 photograph by John C.H. Grabill. Another Deadwood shot here.

Deadwood, South Dakota, from Mrs. Livingston's Hill. View full size or zoom in. Circa 1888 photograph by John C.H. Grabill. Another Deadwood shot here.

 

Sherman in Atlanta: 1864

Union soldiers on boxcars at railroad depot next to offices of the Atlanta Intelligencer during the city's occupation by General Sherman. View full size. Wet plate glass negative by George Barnard. Alternate view here.

Union soldiers on boxcars at railroad depot next to offices of the Atlanta Intelligencer during the city's occupation by General Sherman. View full size. Wet plate glass negative by George Barnard. Alternate view here.

 

A Friendly Game of Horse

Basketball at Durland's Riding Academy, New York. 1908. View full size. George Grantham Bain Collection. Since 1949, the Durland's building at Central Park West has been home to ABC, at 7 West 66th Street. Until 1999, the sets for "20/20" and "Good Morning America" were in the main riding ring (above).

Basketball at Durland's Riding Academy, New York. 1908. View full size. George Grantham Bain Collection. Since 1949, the Durland's building at Central Park West has been home to ABC, at 7 West 66th Street. Until 1999, the sets for "20/20" and "Good Morning America" were in the main riding ring (above).

 

Horseketball: 1908

Basketball on the tanbark at Durland's Riding Academy, New York. 1908. Evidently it's traveling if you let go of the reins. View full size. George Grantham Bain Collection. Check out how this pic looked before restoration.

Basketball on the tanbark at Durland's Riding Academy, New York. 1908. Evidently it's traveling if you let go of the reins. View full size. George Grantham Bain Collection. Check out how this pic looked before restoration.

 

The Sunday Parade: 1902

"The Sunday Parade, 5th Avenue." View north from 46th Street. Windsor Arcade (demolished 1921) on right. View [larger ] [way big]. 1902 photo by Benjamin Falk. Compare with the image below -- in 11 years, cars have taken over the street.

"The Sunday Parade, 5th Avenue." View north from 46th Street. Windsor Arcade (demolished 1921) on right. View [larger ] [way big]. 1902 photo by Benjamin Falk. Compare with the image below -- in 11 years, cars have taken over the street.

 

Where the Sun Never Shines: 1908

October 1908. "Drivers in a West Virginia Coal Mine. Plenty boys driving and on tipple." Photograph and caption by Lewis Wickes Hine. View full size.

October 1908. "Drivers in a West Virginia Coal Mine. Plenty boys driving and on tipple." Photograph and caption by Lewis Wickes Hine. View full size.

 

Fifth Avenue Easter: 1913

Easter 1913. Fifth Avenue, New York. View full size. 5x7 glass negative, George Grantham Bain Collection.

Easter 1913. Fifth Avenue, New York. View full size. 5x7 glass negative, George Grantham Bain Collection.

 

St. Patrick's Easter: 1911

Easter 1911. St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York. George Grantham Bain Collection. View full size. Note the pair of Hansom cabs, named after the inventor (Joseph Hansom) and the type of carriage (cabriolet). Hansom cabriolets fitted with taximeters became known as taxicabs. Note the "curtain" in front of the cab -- to keep the passenger from having to see the horse do what horses do.

Easter 1911. St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York. George Grantham Bain Collection. View full size. Note the pair of Hansom cabs, named after the inventor (Joseph Hansom) and the type of carriage (cabriolet). Hansom cabriolets fitted with taximeters became known as taxicabs. Note the "curtain" in front of the cab -- to keep the passenger from having to see the horse do what horses do.

 

Elizabeth Street: 1912

March 1912. "Row of tenements, 260 to 268 Elizabeth Street, New York, in which a great deal of finishing of clothes is carried on." 268 Elizabeth Street, in Little Italy, is now a "luxe sweater bar" called Sample; 258 (Kips Bay) is a handbag boutique called Token. Photo by Lewis Wickes Hine. View full size.

March 1912. "Row of tenements, 260 to 268 Elizabeth Street, New York, in which a great deal of finishing of clothes is carried on." 268 Elizabeth Street, in Little Italy, is now a "luxe sweater bar" called Sample; 258 (Kips Bay) is a handbag boutique called Token. Photo by Lewis Wickes Hine. View full size.

 

Al and Joe: 1911

September 1911. Indian Orchard, Massachusetts. "Alfred Gengreau, 20 Beaudry Street; Joseph Miner, 15 Water Street. Both work in Mr. Baker's room. Indian Orchard Mill." Photo by Lewis Wickes Hine. View full size.

September 1911. Indian Orchard, Massachusetts. "Alfred Gengreau, 20 Beaudry Street; Joseph Miner, 15 Water Street. Both work in Mr. Baker's room. Indian Orchard Mill." Photo by Lewis Wickes Hine. View full size.

 

In the Tunnel: 1908

September 1908. Gary, West Virginia. "Drivers and Mules in a coal mine where much of the mining and carrying is done by machinery. Open flame on oil headlamps." View full size.

From the Web site of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission and the Museum of Anthracite Mining in Ashland:

When men first began to tunnel into the earth to remove coal, open flame lamps or candles were the only devices to light one's way. If a miner opened a pocket of lethal gas, the lack of oxygen could not only snuff out his open flame light — a warning too late — but the lives of miners also could be snuffed out. This is why miners often carried caged live canaries into the tunnels. Canaries are more sensitive than humans to diminished oxygen and poisonous gases and provided an early warning to miners. Even more obvious, an open flame could trigger an explosion or fire. One of the significant collections on display at the Museum of Anthracite Mining is a series of safety lamps. After an explosion in England killed ninety-two miners, a society formed to study and prevent mine explosions approached Sir Humphrey Davy (1778-1829) for his help. In 1816, Davy invented a safety lamp with a wick surrounded by cylindrical netting. The Davy lamp was designed so the flame was quickly extinguished in the presence of dangerous gases, giving the miner enough warning to escape. On the other hand, the lamp did not give off much light and could be extinguished by drafts of harmless air.

A later model that provided brighter light used gasoline instead of oil, but burned hotter, especially in gassy atmospheres, and the glass cylinder that surrounded the light source broke easily from the heat. The light went out frequently, requiring the miner to relight it, risking an explosion. Replacing thick glass with thinner glass helped prevent the lamp from breaking caused by heat expansion, but did nothing, of course, to prevent the lamp from being accidentally dropped or knocked over. The development of the carbide lamp in the 1890s — using as its energy source a combination of calcium carbide and water to produce a jet of acetylene gas lit by a flint sparker — provided bright, easy to ignite lights, but did not solve all safety issues. The U.S. Bureau of Mines reported in 1906 that 53 percent of mine explosions were caused by miners' lamps, and six years later two major mine disasters were attributed to safety lamps.

It was the invention of the battery lamp that revolutionized safe light for miners. Once tungsten replaced carbon filaments, which uses less current, it became possible for portable batteries to be carried by miners. Thomas Edison is lauded for his design in 1913 that provided the miner with a lightweight storage battery, clipped to the trouser belt and connected by a wire to a lamp backed by a parabolic reflector that was fastened to the miner's hat. The wire was locked in place to help prevent a miner from disconnecting it, possibly sparking an explosion.

September 1908. Gary, West Virginia. "Drivers and Mules in a coal mine where much of the mining and carrying is done by machinery. Open flame on oil headlamps." View full size.

From the Web site of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission and the Museum of Anthracite Mining in Ashland:

 
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