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May 1909. "Leopold Daigneau and Arsene Lussier, 'back-roping boys' in mule-spinning room at Chace Cotton Mill, Burlington, Vermont." Glass negative by the child-labor reformer Lewis Wickes Hine. View full size.
"The spinning mule is a machine used to spin cotton and other fibres. They were used extensively from the late 18th to the early 20th century. Mules were worked in pairs by a minder, with the help of two boys: the little piecer and the big or side piecer. The carriage carried up to 1,320 spindles and could be 150 feet long, and would move forward and back a distance of 5 feet four times a minute. The mule was the most common spinning machine from 1790 until about 1900 and was still used for fine yarns until the early 1980s." (Wikipedia)
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