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November 1940. Ansonia, Connecticut. "Taking a temperature reading in the foundry at the Farrell-Birmingham Corporation." Medium format acetate negative by Jack Delano for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.
'Red hot' can be defined by what color red. It doesn't matter if it is a piece of steel, or the end of a cigar. Planck's Law goes into it far greater detail than I would want to:
Today we have infrared, non-contact temperature sensing devices. Back then you used an optical pyrometer where a calibrated filament glowed at a specified temperature on the rheostat setting.
The color was matched visually and then the scale was read off the dial setting. Here is one in use at a wire drawing facility where I worked.
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