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November 1909. Cumberland Glass Works at Bridgeton, New Jersey. A young "holding-mold boy" is seen, dimly, to the left [little kid toward the back]. Negroes, Greeks and Italians are being employed in many glass houses. View full size. Photograph and caption by child-labor reformer Lewis Wickes Hine.
I just wrote a book on Lewis Hine that should come out next year. When he said "Italians," he meant recent Italian immigrants or their American-born children. Same with Greeks. They probably spoke very little, if any, English. Hine spoke some Italian. What's more curious is "Negroes." To refer to African Americans as "Negroes" (as opposed to the then common "coloreds--or worse) in 1909 was WAY progressive.
The ethnicity base in American became vastly varied in the Ellis Island years. People were adjusting. There were a lot of REALLY bad ways people would speak about especially Italians then. The Klan made a resurgence in that era specifically attacking Catholics, Jews, Anarchists, and Communists (or anyone perceived that way). Italians and Irish were singled out for their Roman Catholicism, and the Italians more so for the Italian origins of Anarchism. Google "Sacco and Vanzetti."
Any questions on Hine, ask.
Best,
Kate
Kate Sampsell-Willmann
Assistant Professor of American History and Photographic Historian
Georgetown University
ksw29@georgetown.edu
He may not have had an opinion one way or another, just stating a fact.
"Negroes, Greeks and Italians are being employed in many glass houses."
Since he felt it worthy of comment I wonder what his opinion was of this development?
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