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Rainy Day People: 1943
... York, New York. Times Square on a rainy day." Photo by John Vachon for the Office of War Information. View full size. Signs Read ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 06/21/2014 - 6:35pm -

March 1943. "New York, New York. Times Square on a rainy day." Photo by John Vachon for the Office of War Information. View full size.
Signs ReadI think that the bottom line below the Air Raid arrow is
"SEEK COVER IN BUILDINGS".
The Quiet sign may continue
"SCHOOL
ZONE DAILY"
(I'm not so sure about the last word.)
Who saysyou can't take great pictures in the pouring rain?  Marvellous stuff, the atmosphere is superb.
The gentleman under the umbrellaon the right bears a strong resemblance to photographer Alfred Steiglitz, then in the last years of his life. If so, the lady conversing with him would most likely be his devotee and gallery manager Dorothy Norman. Probably not his lover and muse Georgia O'Keefe, who by 1943 spent most of her time in New Mexico.
Wow!This picture is so vibrant. It has the power to make one feel a part of it.
Signs Of The TimeI saw these 2 almost immediately. The one reading "In Event Of Air Raid Signal" the arrow is pointing to an Air Raid Shelter more than likely in the basement of a nearby commercial building. Those shelters were still around in the 1960s in anticipation of any Soviet attacks. The sign above it, I think, may have been a joke.
The same scene 13 years laterAlmost the exact same scene was photographed in 1956 for "The Magnificent Thad Jones" LP on Blue Note Records.
+67Below is the same view (sans rain) from November of 2010.
Checker & OldsHard to date the Checker cab, but that is a 1941 Oldsmobile under the umbrella.
So dynamic!I can practically hear, feel, and smell the rain, cabs, people splashing, etc.  This is really lively photo.
Go north one block and turn southAnother Shorpy picture. It apparently is from the same day, given the Disney movie Saludos, Amigos is showing at the Globe in both photos, and it is raining and it is 1943.
As a 1970s denizen of a very different Times Square, I love these old photos which predate my denizenship by some 30 years.   
I can feel the rainThis picture captures the true essence of a rainy day in the big city, so much so that the viewer can feel the chill in the air, smell the 5 cent coffee aroma wafting out of the H & H Automat and is assured that New Yorkers are not deterred from going about their business by bad weather or wet feet. I remember all these advertising signs from my youth as though it was yesterday (when I was young) and I remember the theaters, those great Taxis,  movie stars and films shown and even the air raid drills.  "Saludad Amigos" was a Disney animation released in the U.S. in Feb. 1943.  Ida Lupino, born in England, was an actress first and later became a director.   Jane Wyman was married to Ronald Reagan from 1940 to '49, so he would have been her husband at that time.  Ray Milland and Dennis Morgan were top-rated actors for decades.  Ruppert Beer was a big seller and the Strand was a first run theater chain.  I lived in a small factory town in Ct. and had relatives in N.Y. but always looked forward to our frequent family trips there to visit them since the vibrancy, excitement and stimulating heartbeat of N.Y.C., to me, explained the meaning of "really living" and the activity never stops.  
Quiet - School ZoneOld, usually weather-beaten "Quiet" signs can still be spotted near schools here and there in New York. They're no longer on the municipal Department of Transportation's sign list and I would doubt if any have been installed in many years or even decades.
The school to which this sign referred was a former elementary school on West 46th Street, built in 1894 but vacated sometime prior to the photo's date. In 1948 it became home to the High School for Performing Arts and housed that well-known institution until the early 1980's.  After another period of disuse the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis High School for International Business opened in the building, and remains there today.
I'd rather have the rainI'd rather have the rain with 1943 Times Square, at least the area had character back then. In 2014 it's just a  Disneyfied tourist destination. The locals avoid Times Square unless absolutely necessary.
Billboards availableSeveral billboard structures are awaiting their next signage. Are we between uses or has advertising decreased during this period because of the war? In any event, their empty wooden supports just add to the many textures and details of this shot. What a wonderful picture!
So closeI had just turned one year old, and lived a few miles away in Queens.
(The Gallery, John Vachon, Movies, NYC)

Frosted Depot: 1941
... the vista last seen here. Medium format negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size. Quite a ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 02/19/2020 - 3:20pm -

January 1941. "Rochester, Pennsylvania. Ohio River town." Continuing the vista last seen here. Medium format negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.
Quite a change
(The Gallery, John Vachon, Railroads)

Little Creek: 1938
... Delaware. A fishing village." Medium format negative by John Vachon. View full size. A Rose by any other abbreviation According ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 08/13/2013 - 3:39pm -

July 1938. "General store and post office in Little Creek, Delaware. A fishing village." Medium format negative by John Vachon. View full size.
A Rose by any other abbreviationAccording to the 1940 census log, R.A. Haggerty was Rose Haggerty, whose occupation was listed as "post mistress."  She was married to oyster planter George C. Haggerty, and they had two daughters, Mary Louise and Rageno, who were nine and eight in the spring of 1940. According to Mary Louise's July 2012 obituary she was eighteen months older than her sister Jean, who is now Jean Lawson of Dover. It also states that Mary Louise "didn't care for working at her Mother's General Store or going to school. In fact, her high school yearbook listed as her ambition 'housewife' and that she 'intends not to be a clerk in a store.'" One might speculate about whether the two girls in this photo are eight-year-old Mary Louise and six or seven-year-old Jean.   
Very nice picture.A quiet place, in the calm before the storm of World War II.
One pump, no waitingBesides being able to buy any milk, bread and cold cuts you needed inside the store, along with a fudge bar or two for the kids, all the gasoline service you needed then in Little Creek was handled through that one pump.
Quiet today?Little Creek is still a quiet town today. Although it isn't too quiet when huge airplanes take off or land at Dover Air Force Base, given that Little Creek is about a mile away from the end of the main runway.
B.Y.O.H.I don't see a hose and nozzle, or even the shadow of one.
Gas Pump ShadowRef BYOH comment, it's July, so sun is very high in the sky and this is probably around noon as well.  Shadow length would be minimal.  Notice the shade under the covered store porch where the girls are is nearly directly underneath.  I suspect that that clump of shaded grass just to the right of the pump is the pump and both the handle and the hose.  Since the sun is coming directly down, all would appear as one small shadow.
That pump handleI'm no gas pump historian, so may be completely wrong, but is it possible that the hose and nozzle are stored inside the locked door on the face we do see?
Clockface PumpThis is a fairly common gas pump from the 1930s known as a clockface pump. Here is a photo of a restored pump.  We can assume the hose unseen is on the opposite side.
Hol(e)y Fender, Batman!The holes in the rear fender of the bike were used to thread heavy string or twine to create a guard to keep a young girl's skirt from getting tangled up in the spokes.  I'm sure their short sun dresses were not in any danger though.
(The Gallery, Bicycles, Gas Stations, John Vachon, Stores & Markets)

Home Laundry: 1941
... Norfolk, Virginia." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size. It was a ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 02/11/2021 - 6:22pm -

March 1941. "Daughters of defense worker. Negro slum district. Norfolk, Virginia." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.
It was a hard lifebut she looks like a sweet and a good lady, with a precious little daughter. And not for nothing but I love the way Mom put her own outfit together. Very cool, right down to her socks and shoes. What she lacked in advantages she made up for in style savvy. As my own late mother would have said, that's no small thing.
[According to the caption, these ladies (the older last seen here) are sisters. - Dave]
So it does. Apologies for overlooking that.
Lots going onIt's great that something seems to be going on; we can use our imagination. Because her big sister is looking at her instead of the camera, little sister, incredibly cute, is the center of attention, and she is thinking big thoughts. I hope she's not in bad trouble. Of course good trouble would be ok.
Pre-washJudging by the smudges on the little girl, and the wash basin, and the cloth in the hands of the big girl, I’d say someone is about to get a bit of a wipe-clean.  Which makes me think this photo is of a scene preparatory to the serious picture-taking, but somehow, in terms of quality and the moment captured, this is the photo that stuck.  (Then I noticed the bunched-up garments on the spindles of the broken chair.  Then I read the title again.)
Can we hurry up please?By the looks of the little girl’s legs and white socks, I’d say she was outside having a good time playing before being called in to be a part of the picture.  Whenever I see kids in these pictures, I think they can’t wait to break free and get back to whatever game they were playing before they were interrupted.
(The Gallery, John Vachon, Kids, Kitchens etc., Norfolk)

Country Living: 1940
... Monona County, Iowa." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Resettlement Administration. View full size. I spy with ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 11/23/2019 - 2:11pm -

May 1940. "Danish farm home. Monona County, Iowa." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Resettlement Administration. View full size.
I spy with my little eyeA fluffy white dog. In another photo of this homestead, we see that he has a black patch over his right eye. 
(The Gallery, John Vachon, Rural America)

Night Coach: 1941
... Little girl waiting." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon. View full size. I wish I knew I'm a novelist. I believe that ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 03/24/2020 - 11:24am -

December 24, 1941. Washington, D.C. "Greyhound bus terminal on Christmas eve. Little girl waiting." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon. View full size.
I wish I knewI'm a novelist. I believe that for me, the coolest thing about Shorpy.com is the yearning it gives me to know more about the subjects of the photos. This little girl. Who is she waiting for? How did life turn out for her? It's Christmas Eve, 1941. World War II is on, America is in. Where is she going? Where did she come from? I wish I knew, I really do.
(The Gallery, Christmas, D.C., John Vachon, Kids, Travel & Vacation)

So You Want to Get Married
... for the latest in titillating periodicals. Photo by John Vachon. View full size. Well, Sonja Henie's tutu! It's Sonja ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 10/17/2013 - 12:49pm -

April 1938. "Magazine advertisements. Washington, D.C." Teasers for the latest in titillating periodicals. Photo by John Vachon. View full size.
Well, Sonja Henie's tutu!It's Sonja Henie on the cover of Popular Photography!
"Night Must End"Pretty well-known in her day, Margaret Price was an author of children's and adult books, an artist and illustrator, and a toy designer.  Along with her husband Irving Price, and Herman G. Fischer Fisher, she was a co-founder of Fisher-Price Toys.  There is a permanent collection of her art work at the Museum of the New York Historical Society.
Two Can SingThe American Magazine is featuring the story "Two Can Sing" by James M. Cain, who eight years later would publish "The Postman Always Rings Twice." "Two Can Sing" was adapted into the film "Wife, Husband and Friend" in 1939.
Author of "Latins are Lousy Lovers"Helen Lawrenson, who died in New York City at age 74 in 1982.  The piece was published anonymously in the October 1936 issue of Esquire which was banned in Cuba.  The article is both preposterous and amusing.  An example: "In short, as the result of an extensive female survey, my conclusions are that offhand I would swap you five Cubans, three South Americans and two slightly used Spaniards for one good Irish-American any night in the week. I feel sorry for the women of Cuba. Theirs not to reason why, theirs but to try and try."
(The Gallery, John Vachon)

The Big Cheese: 1941
... cheese factory in Madison, Wisconsin." Acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size. ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 02/27/2020 - 2:47pm -

July 1941. "Removing the curd from the whey. Swiss cheese factory in Madison, Wisconsin." Acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.
Alternative Title SuggestionsWhey to go!
Blessed are the Cheesemakers.
(The Gallery, John Vachon, Kitchens etc.)

A Light Lunch: 1941
... houses at Saginaw Farms, Michigan." Acetate negative by John Vachon. View full size. (The Gallery, Agriculture, John Vachon, Kids) ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 03/31/2020 - 12:41pm -

August 1941. "Children of Mexican sugar beet workers on porch of one of the houses at Saginaw Farms, Michigan." Acetate negative by John Vachon. View full size.
(The Gallery, Agriculture, John Vachon, Kids)

Government Parking: 1939
... to make room for parking lot." Medium format negative by John Vachon. View full size. Motor Meltdown Our car guys and gals will go ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 10/23/2019 - 8:39pm -

July 1939. Washington, D.C. "Parking lot for government employees, and buildings being torn down to make room for parking lot." Medium format negative by John Vachon. View full size.
Motor MeltdownOur car guys and gals will go ape over this one.
Some of the buildings are still there.I can see the side of Union Station in the background, the Russel Senate Office Building, the Jones Day building, and the Federal Home Loan Bank Board building. The last two can be seen in the Google Street image. I think the photo was taken where the Department of Labor building is now.

Pennsylvania Avenue and Fourth Street NWView is roughly looking northeast. The photo was likely shot from atop a no-longer-standing building located at Pennsylvania & Fourth NW, where the Canadian Embassy is now. The large white building in the top left is the Federal Home Loan Bank Board. The curved roof behind it to the left is Union Station. Top right is the Russell Senate Office Building.
Uh, which car is yours, Joe?Oh, the black one in the seventh row. Might be easier to find your car after most have left for the day.
Plymouth ParkingBottom-left, two spots to the right of the empty space--1933 Plymouth PD, 2-door. Built later in the model year, as evidenced by the curved bumper. It's a twin to mine, shown here as it looked when I got it in 1987. It's in pieces now, undergoing a sloooow restoration.
Vehicle IDsFord was probably the last make to offer an open touring car.  A 1936 Ford Phaeton is in Row 4 five from the left.  The dump truck facing the camera being hand loaded! looks like a Rainier made in NYC by the keystone shaped emblem.
Henry Ford Quote:"You can have it in any color you want, so long as it's black."
Modest LivingJudging by the collection of exclusively lower or mid-priced vehicles shown here (hardly a Packard or Cadillac to be seen!), government employees appear not to have been particularly affluent at that time.  Or perhaps they were discreet enough to avoid appearing as such.
(The Gallery, Cars, Trucks, Buses, D.C., John Vachon)

Old Reliable: 1940
... of the jalopy we saw here . 35mm nitrate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size. Red Crown ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 06/08/2012 - 11:01pm -

July 1940. "Auto of migrant fruit worker at gas station in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin." The other end of the jalopy we saw here. 35mm nitrate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.
Red Crown Gas StationIt's hard to make out the station name from this picture, but with a little searching I learned this is a Red Crown Gas Station.  The crowns on the pump were glass globes colored red and white.  Please don't touch.
Oops!I stand corrected on the June 7 photo of the back end of this rig. Not a Model B after all. I still think I'm right about the homemade addition, however.
How much I owe you?I filled er up mister, that'll be ninety five cents.
I Almost ForgotI had almost forgot that there were once people who pumped gas for you, and most cleaned the windshield and checked the tires too.
Red, White,and BlueThe "Red Crown" was Standard Oils brand for Hi test(with Ethyl) gasoline. Our subject was no doubt buying the cheaper White Crown. Blue Crown was Standard's name for kerosene for heating use.
Standard Oil (Indiana) These Standard Oil Stations featured "Red","Blue" and rarely "White" Crown which were Ethyl (premium), Regular. Not sure whether the White was Kerosene or non-leaded gasoline.
Stations were in all midwestern states except Ohio where in some areas Standard of Indiana was branded Amoco and used different grade names. 
The building shown had porcelain coated steel siding indicating that it was the latest style for that time.
The "homemade" modifications to the old sedan shows consideration by the owner for family comfort for what was still very much the "Depression". 
I'll give you $80 for your jalopy, misterOkay, I'll grant you that the lower edge of the driver door has seen better days and that glob of dirt and grease to the right of the radiator doesn't thrill, but jalopy? Heck, it's only an 11 year old car if it is a 1929 REO in 1940. That's the equivalent of a 2001 model getting gas today. Would you look twice if a 2001 car were on the road next to you today?
The cost of gas in 1940 averaged 11 cents a gallon. A new 1940 model car was around $850.
The rust out on the door suggests that the rear end customizing may have been done as a home repair for rusted out sheet metal in that area. 
If you can just find the entrance to the time machine, I will gladly go back there and pay the owner double the 1940 Kelly Blue Book value on that vehicle right now, rusty door and all, and park it in my 2012 driveway. 
Still a gas stationLooks like it's still in use as a gas station:
View Shorpy Sites in a larger map
The caris a circa 1929 REO Flying Cloud. Pictured here are a sedan and coupe. The REO Motor Car Co. was founded in 1905 by Ransom E. Olds after he left Oldsmobile (which he also founded.) REO produced both cars and trucks and became Diamond-REO Trucks, Inc. in 1967. The company went out of business in 1975.
So much for progressJust try stowing a suitcase on your fender now!
Love those glass crownsBeing someone who is dazzled by beautiful, shiny, unusual, kitschy, unique and long-gone items, I wish I had those crowns.  Even in my massive collection of the good, the bad and the ugly in both functional and useless items piled high in my garage, I have nothing this spectacular and these especially stunning crowns would be on display in my good living room (if I had them). If that driver's pants have a buckle in the back, they were revived in the 1950's in my high school years as "ivy league pants", very cool, especially in charcoal gray flannels with pink oxford shirts.  Daddio!
Other CarIs that other car at the pump a 1936 Dodge? Sure looks like the one my folks had.
family owned?Standard Oil became Amoco which was gobbled up by BP.
If it's a BP today, it might have been the same franchise for over 70 years.
Don't make 'em like they used toThank goodness! Cars didn't last as long back then. many DID, but things wore out.  The horrible roads during the Great Depression added to the demise of many ten to fifteen year old cars. Cars would literally be shaken apart by the washboard-like conditions of most of the main thoroughfares. If everything wasn't lubed regularly, parts seized up and ceased to function.
Door damageThe lower edge of the driver's door is an odd place for a "rust out" to occur on this car. I'll bet that storage box inconveniently stuck onto the running board had something to do with the damage.
Beautiful Cars; Not Always LovedProperly maintained, the cars from that era would last a long time (lots are still around today). Only problem is, most weren't maintained. Parts were very easy to change out though. Today's cars last longer without extensive maintenance, but when it's time to replace parts, you almost have to leave it to the dealer. I'd take a '20s to '60s car anyday over todays.
Information, PleaseThe beauty of Shorpy demonstrated again:  info about the REO, the gas pumps, and proof that, at this location at least, it's still business as usual.  Great.
(The Gallery, Gas Stations, John Vachon)

Greenhills Gridders: 1939
... at Greenhills, Ohio." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size. The ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 04/17/2020 - 1:55pm -

October 1939. "Six-man football played in high school at Greenhills, Ohio." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.
The smaller gameFor some reason I've always thought six-man (and the ever rarer eight-man) football were peculiar to Texas with all our dinky li’l rural schools and their dinky li’l student bodies. In the Texas county where I grew up, we had two school districts that played six-man, and two which played conventional eleven-man.
Washington State 8-ManI don't know about any other state, but there are still eight-man teams in Washington.  Last season, Odessa won the Class 1B Central Washington title with a record of 8-0 (13-0 overall) and the state championship, beating Naselle by the close score of 80-26.  Pateros took up the tail end of the conference with a record of 0-5 (1-8 overall).  Not sure why Pateros only played five league games and most everyone else played 8.  Soap Lake was 1-5 so they got shorted in games too.  By the way, there's a very entertaining video of the US Army disposing of excess sodium in Soap Lake (the body of water, not the town).  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HY7mTCMvpEM
(The Gallery, John Vachon, Sports)

Yesterday's Newsboys: 1943
... delivery boys." Medium format nitrate negative by John Vachon for the Office of War Information. View full size. High & ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 03/24/2017 - 9:41am -

May 1943. "Galveston, Texas. Newspaper delivery boys." Medium format nitrate negative by John Vachon for the Office of War Information. View full size.
High & TightLegend has it that he's still wearing his pants belted just below his ribs to this day.
Put Your Nickel InThose parking meters look very modern for 1943. Very different than the ones I remember in the '50s.
Trueheart-Adriance Building
I wonder what became of this little guymaybe melted down for the war effort?
I shoulda recognized this!Some years ago I did a counted cross-stitch of the Truehart-Adriance (which is, IRL, a gorgeous piece of Italianate polychrome brickwork). Because I was a complete nut, I worked it on 28 count linen over one, single strand, and kept three needles with different colours of floss going at the same time because I had to switch so often. (Needleworkers will understand how insane I was from that description; the rest of you, think of it as "sailing ship in a bottle" levels of tiny craftsmanship.) It took three years of off-and-on work to finish.
Once I was done, I framed it paired with a photograph of the front of the actual building, so viewers could appreciate both the complexity of the work and how accurate the chart was to the original.
@Ray D. O-Czech, That's just how high-waisted trousers were then. I had a dickens of a time getting used to wearing 1890-style workmen's trousers, which came up equally far, as part of a period costume.
(The Gallery, Bicycles, John Vachon)

The Plod Thickens: 1941
... sewer in Negro slum district. Norfolk, Virginia." Photo by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size. No ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 02/07/2018 - 11:15pm -

March 1941. "Backed up storm sewer in Negro slum district. Norfolk, Virginia." Photo by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.
No progressNineteen forty-one. Looks like  as though it was 50-100 years before that. Amazing.
(The Gallery, Horses, John Vachon)

Shady Pretty: 1941
... you're left with Elm St. Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon. View full size. Alas, poor old stick Can you grieve the loss ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 03/29/2020 - 9:31pm -

June 1941. "Residential section. Milwaukee, Wisconsin." Take the "tree" out of Elm Street and you're left with Elm St. Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon. View full size.
Alas, poor old stickCan you grieve the loss of something you never experienced?
Yes, yes you can.
Still rememberMy grandparents lived on a street very much like this in Milwaukee.  I was very young, but remember the crews working their way up the street cutting down the remains of all the dead elms.
Like Elm Streets everywhereTake the elms out of Elm St. and you have sad reality.
IdealThat's about as "ideal America" as it gets. 
A Vague MemoryI was born in 1952 and do remember trees like this along the main street in my Ohio hometown. Was still pretty young so I don't remember too much about them going away. Just know that they are now long gone.
Dutch elm diseaseAll over the northeast, elm trees were killed by this disease.  when I was in elementary school in the 1940s, there was extensive spraying to kill the bark beetle that carried the disease fungus, but it was futile.  Scenes like this do not exist today.  Occasionally, in rural areas one will see a beautiful "fountain elm" standing, only because it's too far for the elm bark beetle to reach.  Many of my generation remember the elms and miss them.
Elm StreetMy hometown looked like that picture but by the mid 70's all of the elms were dead or dying thanks to Dutch Elm disease.  
Before the Dutch Elm virusBefore Dutch Elm disease ravaged them, all Midwestern cities had streets like this lined with elms, including my home town, Moline, Illinois. By 1980, most of the elms were gone.
My point was not that Dutch elm disease was caused by a virus; I know it's a fungus. The fungus blocks the 'veins' of the tree that deliver water and nutrients. I was comparing it to the corona virus. I'm sorry I wasn't clear.
[D.E.D. is caused by a fungus, not a virus. - Dave]
BandsMost of these trees have a dark band a couple of inches wide, about 6 feet above ground-level.  Not all are the same height, but it looks like they are all the same height at any one home.  Anyone have any idea what these are?
[Insect barrier. - Dave]
Pre-emptive measuresWhen I was a kid, in the sixties, the local authorities in the cottage community where we spent our summers decided to cut down every elm in an over-zealous bid to nip this Dutch Elm thing in the bud, so to speak.  All the elms on all the boulevards were cut down, leaving behind vacant vistas and strange weirdness.  My mom was a tough bird brought up in the Depression, and I was surprised and not a little afraid at how upset she got.
The Old College TreeOne of the things I've cherished about my 40 year stay in Hanover, NH, is the grandeur of the disease resistant elms that remain in remarkable numbers on the Dartmouth College campus. You don't have them in rows like in this picture anymore, but you have some amazing samples dotted around campus. I stop and admire them almost every day. There's something about the interweave of the branches in the canopy that fascinates me.
(The Gallery, John Vachon, Milwaukee)

Meet Mrs. Ash: 1941
... of Detroit, Michigan." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size. The Egg ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 03/05/2020 - 1:50pm -

August 1941. "Mrs. Ash, wife of defense worker. They are living in a tent beside the foundation of their new home which they are building themselves. Outskirts of Detroit, Michigan." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.
The Egg & IBefore I saw Marjorie Main play the character on screen, this lady approximates my mental image of Ma Kettle.
(The Gallery, Detroit Photos, John Vachon)

The Pig and I: 1940
... cold storage lockers. Casselton, North Dakota." Photo by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size. Hand-drawn ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 12/27/2019 - 6:23pm -

October 1940. "Bringing farmer's butchered pig into co-op cold storage lockers. Casselton, North Dakota." Photo by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.
Hand-drawnSomeone took lettering in school.
(The Gallery, Animals, John Vachon)

Corpus Christi: 1943
... Christi, Texas." The Ascension. Medium format negative by John Vachon for the Office of War Information. View full size. There's ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 12/05/2013 - 10:29am -

June 1943. "Corpus Christi, Texas." The Ascension. Medium format negative by John Vachon for the Office of War Information. View full size.
There's a Red Flying Horse By the Road SideI saw this picture and the line above from the Kevin Welch song "Early Summer Rain" immediately popped into my head. He also has a nice story about memories of the red flying horse on his Blawg. I also have childhood memories of the red flying Pegasus above Mobil stations but they are much fuzzier.
Still ascending over DallasThe pegasus was originally the logo of the Dallas-based Magnolia Oil Company, which became part of Mobil Oil through a merger in 1959.
A renovated version of the logo "flies" atop the Magnolia Hotel in Dallas. A history can be found here:  http://www.magnoliahotels.com/pdf/pegasus-article-121211.pdf
Escape from the mundaneThis is a classic photographic composition in my opinion, a study in stark contrasts, which includes a narrative:  Earth and sky, dark and light, the simplicity of life, and the dream of winged escape from the mundane. 
I'd recognize that shadow anywhere.Having pumped Ethyl as a wee lad, I wore the Mobil Pegasus on my chest while doing so.
Dave's Mobil in Blue Springs, Missouri.
Somebody knows, but I don'tWhat's the hoopy thing?
[A stand to hold a round sign, like those here and here. -tterrace]
Two thingsTwo things about this photo strike a chord with me.  In 1969 (when I was nine) a had surgery at Parkland Hospital in Dallas. There was a Pegasus, perhaps the one in kirkbrewer's post, outside my window. I loved looking at it, especially at night. We moved to Corpus when I as a teenager and I lived there until I joined the Navy in 1982 (I haven't been back since, except for short visits). There's not a lot in this photo from which I can get my bearings, but it sure is as flat and nondescript as I remember.
(The Gallery, Gas Stations, Horses, John Vachon)

The Stag: 1938
... "Flophouse on lower Douglas Street." 35mm negative by John Vachon for the Resettlement Administration. View full size. ... a pretty good upgrade for a nickel! (The Gallery, John Vachon, Omaha) ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 08/02/2017 - 9:25am -

Omaha, Nebraska. November 1938. "Flophouse on lower Douglas Street." 35mm negative by John Vachon for the Resettlement Administration. View full size.
There's a songTwo hours of pushin' broom
buys an eight-by-twelve four-bit room
I'm a man of means by no means
King of the road
(Roger Miller)
A Room of One's OwnWhat the sign and the custom probably means is that for 20 cents you get a room with a bed, a sink if you're lucky, and an inside lock on the door.  A 4-by-8-foot room, if that.
For 15 cents you get a bed in a common area.  When you take your shoes off, if you do, you lift the head end of the bed and pin them underneath the bedposts.  That way, unless you're a very sound sleeper, you still have a chance of having shoes in the morning.
Hitchhiking in the South in the late 1950s & early '60s I stayed at places like this.  It was more like a dollar for a bed then.
Sleeping in a cageI while back, I talked to a guy who said he was semi-homeless in the late 50s in Minneapolis. He said they got cheap rooms for almost nothing. These rooms were cages in the old buildings near the bars. Just a place for those down on their luck to get some sleep. 
He also said the a big cause of homelessness today is that the gov't outlawed these flophouses. Once that happened, you couldn't afford a place to stay.
BedbugsAre critters extra, or do they come with the upgrade?
Business planSo I guess a room with a bed would be 35 cents? I bet they could do quite a business if they combined the two into a package.
"The Stag"Just the name of the place is so inviting.
Beds vs RoomsI suspect that the 15 cent bed got you space in a dormitory room, 20 cents got you some form of private room. I was once in a disused flophouse "Hotel"- rooms barely big enough to contain a bed, many windowless.
Any inside shots?After reading Orwell's "Down and Out in London and Paris," I'm fascinated by these marginal digs.
I had the same question, Anonymous Tipster. My guess is that the room is a cubicle with a bed, as opposed to a bunk in a big room. If so, that's a pretty good upgrade for a nickel!
(The Gallery, John Vachon, Omaha)

Spensley Orpheum: 1940
... and Viva Cisco Kid. Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon. View full size. Still there At the intersection of Main and ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 04/17/2020 - 3:10pm -

April 1940. "Old Orpheum theater. Dubuque, Iowa." Today's double feature: Adventure in Diamonds and Viva Cisco Kid. Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon. View full size.
Still thereAt the intersection of Main and 4th streets.
Let's revisit itHighway 61, that is. I mean, after we make a series of right turns in search of a place to parallel park, and get one of those sizzling steaks. I mean, it says they cater to tourists. And they have five-cent cigars, though I don't know if former Vice President Thomas R. Marshall would have classed them as "good" cigars. He wouldn't either, having died fifteen years earlier.
I have compared two different picturesI have compared two pictures with different ages and i can see that curbs weren't changed and they are still looking good. In addition, i think the breakwall in the modern photo looks like it has been painted, hasn't it?
Oh Cisco!The second movie on the bill, 'Viva Cisco Kid', is one of many appearances of the Cisco Kid, starting in movies in 1914 (Warner Baxter won an Oscar in 1928) and then in radio for 15 years, television for 6 years (said to be the first series to be filmed in color), plus comics. Cesar Romero played him in 'Viva Cisco Kid'.
The Cisco Kid was created by none other than O. Henry, as a murderous Mexican desperado. He soon switched sides and became a dashing caballero, picking up sidekicks, Lopez and Gordito, and eventually Pancho. Those of us of a certain age can cringe at the memory of their sign-off: "Oh Pancho! Oh Cisco!"
After the 1994 TV movie starring Jimmy Smits and Cheech Marin, Cisco presumably rode off into the desert of past stereotypes. Though not quite: there has been a series of graphic novels, including 'Wyatt Earp vs Cisco Kid' where Cisco has returned to his outlaw ways.
Addendum: How could I forget the song by War, which reached #2 on Billboard in 1972: "The Cisco Kid was a friend of mine/He drink whiskey, Poncho drink the wine."
Finally found oneA gentleman of the day, outside, without a hat.
I also noted the fix for the sign support that's at window height. And there's so much more to explore in this picture.
Vast expansion, but 100% still thereAnd if you go to the Five Flags Center website, there are pictures both period and modern of the theater; never been to Iowa myself, but looking at them, I'd love to get a seat in the balcony.
What's NOT still there are the buildings to the right of the theater; they've been turned into a vast expansion for the entertainment complex that was built to incorporate the theater.  The pictures on Google of the complex with a set of huge temporary pools, monster truck rallies, concerts by Little River Band and Chicago, a gymnastics tournament, wrestling, and the ubiquitous "Disney on Ice" are interesting, but the star is the theater. 
Also missing, alas, is that Steak place.  It's making me hungry just looking at the Shorpy picture.  And darn it, with Covid, I can't go out and get one!
Exactly 80 years agoJohn Vachon wrote to his wife from Dubuque on April 16, 1940 ("Dear Penny"), the day of his arrival, and April 18, 1940 ("Dearest Frau"), the night before his departure. But his taste in movies was generally above the level of "Adventure in Diamonds" and "Viva Cisco Kid." 
Today's Google Street View
(The Gallery, John Vachon, Movies)

Bank Shot: 1940
... poolroom. View full size. 35mm nitrate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. (The Gallery, John Vachon, Sports) ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 12/28/2007 - 12:31pm -

May 1940. A friendly game in a Scranton, Iowa, poolroom. View full size. 35mm nitrate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration.
(The Gallery, John Vachon, Sports)

The Sweet By and By: 1938
... and graveyard. Dover, Delaware." Medium format negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size. Raising ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 03/08/2018 - 11:12am -

July 1938. "Gashouse and graveyard. Dover, Delaware." Medium format negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.
Raising the PressureThis photo is the first that I've seen that shows how (concrete?) blocks have been added to the perimeter of the top course in order to raise the gas pressure. These gasometers, or gas holders, acted like an inverted tin can in a bowl of water. More weight on top would cause an increase of pressure of the gas inside. As the gas was consumed, the inverted "can" would ride the guide rails and slowly descend.
(The Gallery, John Vachon)

Berrien Cherriers: 1940
... Michigan." View full size. 35mm nitrate negative by John Vachon for the FSA. Tag "G" could be for gasoline. Maybe they were ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 01/11/2008 - 1:12am -

July 1940. "Automobile of migrant cherry pickers. Berrien County, Michigan." View full size. 35mm nitrate negative by John Vachon for the FSA.
Tag"G" could be for gasoline. Maybe they were someone's initials?
This picture reminds me of two old things. One, when you used to get all kinds of free things at gas stations, glasses, dishes, toys--and two, cars used to have a second metal "county" tag like this one with the county's claim to fame. Rockingham County in Virginia had "Turkey Capital of the World" for a long, long time. Which was embarrassing when you traveled. As a kid.
Shell Oil License Plate TopperEbay has one of the scallop license plate "toppers" from Shell Oil up for bids now.

Scallop signal flagsOkay Shorpy Sleuths...
I've done a quick, unsuccessful job of trying to decipher the signal flags embossed on the scallops. What is their message?
And were these scallops with flags a Shell Oil logo? Or just the welcoming sign of a pilgrim on life's merry way?
Shell SignsThose are examples of an old gas station promotion device called license plate toppers.  They are usually seen at the top of the tag, not the bottom, as here. They are from Shell.  I don't know the meaning of the tiny flags on them, but assume they are nautical, and have some meaning.
Not Much HelpChecked the flags on the scallop shells against material on signal flags and from top to bottom (more on that in a second though) they are PRG (P - blue with white center; R - red cross on a yellow background; G - six stripes, alternating blue and yellow). However it is entirely possible, maybe even likely, that the scallops are attached upside-down meaning the real order would be GRP. Minor problem in following this further is that I can't find a name for those initials. One suspects that if it were GRP, the P could stand for "Petroleum."
Share the RoadAccording to a rodder blog, the shell is mounted above the plate and the nautical flags mean "Share the Road".
Don't quote me.
Re: Not Much HelpBrent, I am thinking that GRP stands for Shell Group. Shell Oil is part of the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company. The Royal Dutch/Shell Group of companies was formed in 1907. 60% of the group is owned by Royal Dutch Petroleum and 40% is owned by Shell Transport and Trading Company.
Shell HeraldryDewey, I don't think the semaphores that spell GRP stand for Group. 
Since we're all just guessing so far, perhaps they stand for Graham Royal Petroleum. 
Graham: According to the Shell Oil history, Graham was an importer of Shell kerosene to India and would invest in and serve on the board of Shell. The scallop is believed to have come from Graham's family crest, in which the shell was incorporated to mark the family's ancestors' pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela (symbolized by the scallop). The colors of the logo, red and yellow, were also said to be of Spanish influence to stand out in California (itself then of heavy Spanish influence). 
Royal: From the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company
Shell ScallopsI was shopping for some furniture yesterday and noticed an old Shell Oil poster on the wall of the store with a description of the license plate scallops. It said the semaphore flags indicate that the vessel is not moving and is waiting to see what your (the other ship's) intentions are. Below, from a similar ad for sale on eBay:

Nice find!I for one would love to see a high-res rendering of that (or a similar) ad!
Belle GladeMy eyes were drawn to the other sign, which has been a local motto for many years.
"History does not repeat, but it does rhyme."
(The Gallery, Cars, Trucks, Buses, John Vachon)

I'm E.Z.: 1941
... Allouez, Wisconsin." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size. Come here ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 03/10/2020 - 2:35pm -

August 1941. "Ore puncher waiting for change of shift. Allouez, Wisconsin." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.
Come here often?If he's E. Z., you can call me Ava L. Bull.
Nimble Ore PunchingMinnesota natural iron ore as being handled in 1941 was heavy.  Unbelievably dense and heavy!  Those short little ore cars, each only 24 feet long to match the spacing of the pockets and loading spouts in the docks, and the hatches of the boats holds that Shorpy has recently featured in other recent pix, held up to 100 tons of iron ore!
The ore cars were shoved by steam locomotives onto the docks and spotted carefully over the bins to be dumped into the boats (even though they're 1/5 of a mile long, on the Great Lakes they're "boats").
This dense ore tended to "clump up" in the ore cars.  When the doors under each car were opened, often the ore  didn't dump!  Hence, the "punchers".  Particularly in freezing weather near the end of the shipping season.  These guys climbed on top of such cars with a pike pole to jab it down into the ore to break it loose, then quickly get off the top of the car before he becomes part of a shipment to Cleveland.
(The Gallery, John Vachon, Portraits)

99 Bottles: 1938
... singer last seen here . Medium format negative by John Vachon for the Resettlement Administration. View full size. The old ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 08/02/2017 - 11:44am -

October 1938. North Platte, Nebraska. "Manager of the Alamo bar, and Mildred Irwin, entertainer." The saloon singer last seen here. Medium format negative by John Vachon for the Resettlement Administration. View full size.
The old familiar namesI see several brands that I remember seeing on old Dallas Transit System bus advertisements, growing up in Dallas in the 1960s: Old Taylor, Old Grand-Dad, Old Crow, Calvert, Seagram's, and Ronrico.
No Chivas Regal, Crown Royal, or W.L. Weller in evidence here - strictly the blue collar stuff.
Bar or liquor store?The location looks more like a take out liquor store than a bar. .State laws always vary but here in Ct it can't be both.
No scotchMy dad, a scotch drinker, always said that if the bourbon had "old" in it, it was a good bourbon.  Don't drink anything without "old" in it.
What would he know, he drank scotch!
Not cheap.Looks like at this bar you could buy your booze by the glass or else pick up a bottle to take home. The shelves are heavy on pints and half-pints, with relatively few full-size 'fifths.' The name brands seem to run between roughly $2 and $3 a bottle for the fifths. Factored for inflation that's almost $35 - $50. Pretty pricey, but probably less than drinking at the bar.
Chewing gum and cheap cigarsAnd there are the Juicy Fruit, Chiclets, Doublemint and Spearmint gums, and Van Dyck and Y-B nickel cigars. Reminds me of the humidor room in my late grandfather's old tobacco-jobber business. Add a box each of Roi-Tans, King Edwards, and Swisher Sweets and you'd have the lot.
OldsOld Grandad, Old Drum, Old Crow, Old Jim Dandy, Old Taylor, Old Mr. Boston and Old Overholt.
Bottles spotted at the Alamo BarI spotted some of the bottles and labels shown.
One of the nicest:
Old Taylor of "The American Medicinal Spirits Company".
Reminds me of my visit to Indonesia, where I could buy some arak (a spirit drink), on the label it said: "medicinal drink: take one sup three times a day".
I challenge the Shorpiists: find the originals!
(The Gallery, John Vachon, Stores & Markets)

Pittsburgh Panorama: 1941
... Pennsylvania." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size. Look out ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 06/11/2020 - 10:21am -

June 1941. "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.
Look out below!To that guy working on the roof: Look out -- it's a long way down!
Pittsburgh: City of StairsIs there a city in America with as many stairs as Pittsburgh? This photo shows about eight staircases, as well as an area where the slope appears too steep for a staircase. 
As I've pointed out elsewhere, many of the staircases are owned by the city and are classified as streets. 
On a clear day in Pittsburgh, Pa.Which was very rare indeed.  It was nicknamed 'The Smoky City' for a very good reason.
Cherry Blossoms SodaBy 1941 the Cherry Blossoms ad had already become a ghost sign.  Not much to be found on this St. Louis company that produced a line of soft drinks, including "Kreemo" root beer.
Old GloryThis photograph is a bona fide Coronavirus Quarantine Sanity Keeper:
Let's play "Find the 48-Star American Flag"
Ready ... Go!!
Challenge AcceptedI found the 48-star flag, but not where I expected to see it. I won't give away the location to allow others to play the "Coronavirus Quarantine Sanity Keeper" game.
How didthe guy  get up on that roof?
Bloomfield VistasIt took me a while, but I think I finally pinned down the Pittsburgh neighborhood in this photo.  It had to be a relatively flat area that bordered a steep hillside.  At first I was thinking it was on the south hilltops, but the large church just didn't fit and I couldn't find a vantage point.  Then I remembered the plateau from the Oakland neighborhood all the way to Highland Park and it all fell into place.  I believe this is Bloomfield probably taken from the Bloomfield Bridge, facing east-northeast.
The church with the asymmetric steeples was then known as St. Joseph.  It still exists on Liberty Avenue (now part of Saint Maria Goretti).  The upper portions of both steeples have been removed, so they now are of equal height.  The other large building to the right (with a cross as well) is likely the parish school, but that building no longer exists.  There is a large parking lot where it once stood.
The large, lighter colored building in the background has to be West Penn Hospital.
 Like most urban hospitals, it has had several expansions over the years and looks much different today.
The hillside in the foreground is the north edge of the ravine (crossed by the bridge) that separates Bloomfield from North Oakland.  It was a major railroad right of way heading east (Pennsy and B&O I think).  It still has CSX tracks and also the East Busway.
VantageThis appears to have been taken from South Oakland looking north toward the Carnegie Library.
Today? Less charm. But, hey ... more fence. 
(The Gallery, John Vachon, Pittsburgh)

Skid Row: 1938
... of the hobo centers of the West." 35mm nitrate negative by John Vachon. View full size. (The Gallery, Great Depression, John Vachon, ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 08/02/2017 - 9:22am -

        "Perhaps the greatest charm of tramp-life is the absence of monotony. In Hobo Land the face of life is protean -- an ever-changing phantasmagoria, where the impossible happens and the unexpected jumps out of the bushes at every turn of the road."
-- Jack London, The Road
November 1938. "Lower Douglas Street, Omaha, is one of the hobo centers of the West." 35mm nitrate negative by John Vachon. View full size.
(The Gallery, Great Depression, John Vachon, Omaha)

Omaha Suds: 1938
... South Omaha, Nebraska." Medium format negative by John Vachon. View full size. Cornice symbolism? Is the emblem on the ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 09/09/2017 - 6:46pm -

November 1938. "Saloon near entrance to Union Stockyards. South Omaha, Nebraska." Medium format negative by John Vachon. View full size.
Cornice symbolism?
Is the emblem on the stone cornice a Masonic symbol?
Still there(ish) !
Bananas, Beer, and BeefIn the late 1920s and early 1930s the building, 5001 South 26 Street, at the intersection of O Street, housed Harry Sokoloff's fruit store.  The Omaha City Directories for 1935 through 1938 show that Mrs. Anna Miller occupied the building as a retail “beverages”  and “restaurant and lunch room.”  In 1934 and 1935 an Omaha newspaper advertised “Help Wanted, Female, Girls for Cabaret Cafe,” apply at “Nebraska Cafe,” 5001 South 26th Street.  In 1941, the liquor license was held by Patrick Payne, Jr.
The building, in substantially reduced form, still occupies the corner, now surrounded by emptiness.  The cornice and associated detail are gone, but the limestone water-table banding below the windows and the window lintels and keystone ornaments remain, as does the distinctive diagonal entrance.
In the 1960s, the building was an office for TransAmerican Freightlines.  The O Street Bridge, using 3 Whipple Through Truss spans originally built in 1885 by the Union Pacific Railroad and moved to O Street in 1904, was demolished in 2001.
Political PosterThe poster on the phone pole must have been for Robert LeRoy "Roy" Cochran. He was the first 3 term Democratic Nebraska governor and served in both World Wars. 
(The Gallery, Boats & Bridges, Eateries & Bars, John Vachon, Omaha)

Service Man: 1940
... Millburg, Michigan." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size. I’m from ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 12/27/2019 - 2:34pm -

July 1940. "Gas station attendant. Millburg, Michigan." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.
I’m from Michigan.Thanks Shorpy for a glimpse of the past. I love this photo!
That peanut machine!Back in my (very small) hometown the Chevy dealer had that same peanut machine sitting on a counter by the front door. It cost a penny!  And since I used to pick up my newspapers for delivery there (they were dropped off by the Greyhound bus) I would regularly feed that machine.
Occasionally something inside would break and you could get hit that lever for as many times as you wanted and fill your hand with Spanish peanuts.
Consider thisIf you have time to lean, you have time to clean.
Mirror, mirror on the wallStrategically placed to ensure that bowtie is straight. Nowadays you would need a gas check and a confined space permit to enter this place if it was in an industrial setting.
1940My parents were born that year. They'll turn 80 in 2020. 
Looks like Elizabeth Bishop had it right... in her poem 'Filling Station':
Oh, but it is dirty!
--this little filling station,
oil-soaked, oil-permeated
to a disturbing, over-all
black translucency.
Be careful with that match!
What is it?Gentlemen, what is a "telephone directory"?  Did it direct you to the nearest telephone?  And if it did, what exactly is a "telephone"?
Now THAT's a gas station attendant!That is the most "at your service" kind of guy you could ever have ask the timeless full-service question, "Check under the hood for you, ma'am?"
Any non-serious motor car need you might have is no challenge for this cat and his immediate surroundings. Just pull up, and let him ask the questions.
Fill 'er up? Check under the hood? Left front looks a wee bit low, let me check the pressure for you. 
As one who used to pump Ethyl, at a Mobil station off I-70 mind you, the regular customers knew I would answer all those questions without ever asking them, and I would wash the windshield because that's just what you did at the full service pumps.
Today, I challenge you to find a full service drive at any gas station. It's a true slice of Americana that I feel proud to have been a part of, albeit the last wave of such a service that is all but extinct these days.
I think I'm going to have some T-shirts made that say "I pumped Ethyl," and see if anyone under the age of 60 buys one.
Happy New Year to Dave and band of Shorpy. I love what you guys do!
Be well, everyone!
Rough around the edgesThis guy will never find himself singing and dancing in the opening sequence of the Ed Wynn or Milton Berle shows.
The Spirit of CommunicationThat archangel clutching thunderbolts and wrapped in cables was called the "Spirit of Communication" and was used by Bell from the 1930s and well into the late 1950s as seen on this phone directory from Cameron, Texas.
(The Gallery, Gas Stations, John Vachon)

Milk & Honeys: 1941
... Duluth, Minnesota." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size. Collecting ... 
 
Posted by Dave - 03/19/2020 - 12:53pm -

August 1941. "Child buying bottle of milk. Duluth Milk Company. Duluth, Minnesota." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.
Collecting evidence?On July 29, 1941 the U.S. Department of Agriculture sued a group of nine dairies in the Duluth-Superior area, including Duluth Milk Company, because the Department had set a minimum price that producers were entitled to receive for raw milk, and the dairies disputed whether their commerce with the producers constituted interstate commerce. Later that year, the federal judge with a particularly Minnesotan name (Gunnar Nordbye) tried the case. He concluded the next spring that the Department's order was enforceable against Duluth Milk and the others. That company was slow to pay up, but eventually abided by a payment plan. 
ThumpI recall the distinctive sound those rubber-rimmed lids made when dropped back down over the hatch.  In my experience, I remember them more frequently being hinged, and covering a freezer rather than a fridge, containing ice cream.
Milk Break!We had milk available in our school, too.  Only ours was in the half-pint paper (cardboard?) containers.  They were a nickel apiece--but 6 cents for chocolate milk, which was only available on Tuesdays for some reason! 
(The Gallery, Duluth, John Vachon, Kids)
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